The pistachio is a perennial, long-lived tree that can grow well even in dry, stony, and non-irrigated lands. Its nuts have a sweet, rich taste and are highly nutritious and beneficial for human health. Pistachios grow best in warm, sunny regions with long summers. The tree’s roots reach a depth of 10–12 meters, allowing it to absorb moisture from deep soil layers and making it highly resistant to drought. Pistachio nuts have a distinctive and pleasant flavor. They are consumed as dried fruits and widely used in food, confectionery, and various national dishes. The pistachio tree is also useful in preventing soil erosion. Growing pistachios from seeds is considered the simplest and most affordable method. The seeds are first cleaned and stratified in water or moist sand for a certain period. Prepared seeds are then sown directly in a permanent growing site in spring. During the first years, pistachio roots grow very deep (1.5–3 meters), which makes transplanting seedlings difficult. Therefore, in recent years, the technology of cultivating pistachio seedlings in containers has been developed. Three- to five-year-old pistachio seedlings are grafted onto large-fruited varieties. The most common and effective technique is the budding grafting method, which helps preserve the characteristics of the parent variety and ensures early fruiting. Grafting is mainly carried out during the summer months.
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